I-Phthalic Anhydride, Ilungele Ukuthunyelwa ~

Isicelo:

Okokuqala, i-phthalic anhydride idlala indima ebalulekile emkhakheni wokukhiqiza izidakamizwa. Iwumthombo obalulekile wokwakhiwa kwezidakamizwa ezilwa nokuvuvukala, izidakamizwa zesisu, ama-antibiotics, izidakamizwa ezilwa nomdlavuza nezinye izidakamizwa. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-phthalic anhydride iphinde ibe yisandulela sokulungiswa kwamahomoni ezitshalo ahlukahlukene njenge-hormone yokukhula ne-auxin, ebaluleke kakhulu ekukhuthazeni ukukhula kwezitshalo nokwandisa isivuno sezitshalo.

Okwesibili, i-phthalic anhydride nayo isetshenziswa kabanzi embonini kadayi nephunga. Njengengxenye emaphakathi yodayi nezinongo, i-phthalic anhydride isetshenziselwa ukwenza izinongo, izimibalabala, odayi be-fiber bokwenziwa, njll. Amakhemikhali ayo ahlukile awenza angenakushintshwa kule mikhakha, enezela imibala ecebile namaphunga ezimpilweni zabantu.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-phthalic anhydride nayo idlala indima ebalulekile ekwakhiweni kwamapulasitiki nenjoloba. Kuyimpahla ebalulekile yokwenziwa kokuhlanganiswa kwe-polymer njenge-polyphenylene ether, i-polyamide, ne-polyimide. Lezi zinhlanganisela ze-polymer zinezakhiwo ezinhle kakhulu zomzimba kanye nokuzinza kwamakhemikhali, futhi zisetshenziswa kabanzi ezimotweni, eze-electronics, ezokwakha kanye neminye imikhakha, zihlinzeka ngokusekela okuqinile ekuthuthukisweni komphakathi wanamuhla.

Emkhakheni we-organic synthesis, i-phthalic anhydride inezinhlobonhlobo zezinhlelo zokusebenza. Ingasetshenziselwa i-carbonylation, i-propylene oxidation, ukulungiswa kwe-carbon esters ecushiwe, i-hydrogenation eyomile, i-aldehyde ne-ketone esterification, i-nitric acid ne-alkaline oxidation. Ku-inorganic synthesis, i-phthalic anhydride ingasetshenziswa ukwenza usawoti we-ammonium, futhi ingasetshenziswa njenge-ejenti eyinhloko ye-polymerization yokuhlanganiswa kwe-zinc sulfide yethusi. Lokhu kusabela kokwenziwa kunikeza isisekelo esicebile sokuthuthukiswa kwemboni yamakhemikhali.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-phthalic anhydride nayo inezinhlelo zokusebenza ezibalulekile emkhakheni wamakhemikhali amahle. Ingasetshenziselwa izinhlobonhlobo zokuhlukanisa i-crystallization kanye nokusabela kwe-catalytic, futhi ingasetshenziselwa ukulungisa nokusabalalisa ubuchwepheshe be-polymers ye-calcium sulfur ehlukahlukene ye-inorganic. Ekucutshungulweni kwezimayini, i-phthalic anhydride ingasetshenziselwa ukucubungula amaminerali ediphozithi ye-ore ukuthuthukisa ukusebenza kahle kwezimayini kanye nekhwalithi ye-ore. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-phthalic anhydride ingasetshenziswa futhi njengento eluhlaza yezibulala-zinambuzane nezibulala-zinambuzane, idlala indima ebalulekile ekuqinisekiseni ukukhula kwezitshalo nokwandisa isivuno.

Emkhiqizweni wezimboni, i-phthalic anhydride isetshenziswa kakhulu njenge-solvent kanye ne-extractant. Ngenxa yokubilisa kwayo okuphansi kanye nokuncibilika okuphezulu, i-phthalic anhydride isetshenziswa kakhulu ekucwengelweni kwe-petroleum kanye nezimboni ze-petrochemical njengento eluhlaza eqhekekayo. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ingasetshenziswa futhi njenge-reagent yokuhlaziya i-chromatographic kanye ne-extractant yezinongo, njll., ihlinzeka ngezindlela ezisebenzayo zokuhlaziya amakhemikhali kanye nokukhipha izinongo.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-phthalic anhydride ingasetshenziswa futhi ukulungisa i-vanillin, ukunquma ushukela womchamo, ukulungisa ama-synergists ahlukahlukene kanye ne-antifreeze, njll. Futhi ingenye yezinto ezisetshenziswayo zokwenza i-polyvinyl chloride stabilizers kanye nokukhetha okuhle kokwelashwa kwendawo yensimbi. Ekwenziweni kwerabha nepulasitiki, i-phthalic anhydride ingasetshenziswa njengesengezo senjoloba kanye nesengezo sepulasitiki ukuthuthukisa ukusebenza komkhiqizo kanye nekhwalithi.